• Volume 34,Issue 12,2015 Table of Contents
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    • A Review on Anticancer Function of Dietary Fiber and the Molecular Mechanism

      2015, 34(12):1233-1238. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.001

      Abstract (565) HTML (0) PDF 701.76 K (959) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Dietary fiber,known as "the seventh nutrient" of the body,is a particular nutrient to maintain health,which cannot be replaced by other substances. Recent studies have found that dietary fiber contributes to anti-obesity,anti-inflammation,anti-diabetes and anti-cardiovascular diseases. This paper summarizes anticancer evidences of the dietary fiber in epidemiological and animal experiments,and analyzes the relationship between anticancer effects and the amounts of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber can inhibit carcinogenesis through detoxification,anti-inflammation and the regulations of intestinal microflora and lipid and steroids metabolism. From molecular and cellular levels,we summarize that dietary fiber can arrest the cell cycle,promote apoptosis of cancer cells and regulate the signal transduction pathways of carcinogenesis. This paper provides references for further investigation into anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of dietary fiber and development of dietary fiber-based functional foods.

    • On the Enzymatic Properties and Deactivation Mechanism of Sarcosine Oxidase

      2015, 34(12):1239-1247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.002

      Abstract (1053) HTML (0) PDF 1.76 M (1396) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The sarcosine oxidase(SOX) gene from Bacillus sp. was expressed in E. coli,and the properties and deactivation mechanism were further analyzed. After transformation of the cloned DNA into host E. coli BL21(DE3),the SOX gene was induced by IPTG for 8 h,a protein band of 43 kDa appeared in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. From the crude enzyme solution,SOX in high purity was obtained through affinitive separation and purification. The analytic results of enzymatic properties showed that its relative molecular mass was 43.8 kDa, and its optimum reaction temperature and pH value were 40 ℃ and 8.0,respectively. Moreover,20 mmol/L Mn2+ exhibited an obvious activation effects on recombinant SOX. The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax were determined as 141.6 mmol/L and 0.115 mmol/(L?min) when sarcosine used as a substrate. With the SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis,fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy,the deactivation mechanism of SOX was further studied. At constant temperature 37 ℃,the internal hydrophobic group of SOX molecule was gradually exposed and its secondary structure was destroyed along with the prolonged storage time,leading to the denaturation of SOX protein and the lowering down of its activity. The above results provide a theoretical basis for improving SOX stability in future.

    • Pilot Experiment of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor(AnMBR)for Treating High-Concentration Organic Wastewater

      2015, 34(12):1248-1255. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.003

      Abstract (1022) HTML (0) PDF 1.41 M (1526) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The operation of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR) for treating high-concentration organic wastewater was investigated. The result showed that AnMBR could finish the fast start-up of a highly efficient anaerobic digestion system and its good anti-shock loading capability could ensure a long-term and stable operation of the digestion system. Without the biomass withdrawal condition(SRT infinitely long),the COD removal loading rate and the biogas production strength of AnMBR were about 4.4~4.8 kg COD/(m3?d) and 2.2 m3/(m3?d),respectively,while they were 5.2~6.0 kg COD/(m3?d) and 2.9 m3/(m3?d) with biomass withdrawal(SRT=50 d). In the whole process of 220 days,the COD removal rate was about 90% and the CH4 content was about 58%. The pH was kept at 7.6~7.8 and VFA was at a low level in the digestion system. Furthermore,the high accumulation of ammonia had no significant effect on the digestion performance,which indicated that AnMBR had good tolerance to the endogenous inhibitory factor. A comparison of the operating parameters without biomass withdrawal and with biomass withdrawal conditions showed that the optimization of sludge retention time(SRT) was very important to the AnMBR operation. Different SRTs would lead to a series of variations in the digestion system,which largely determined the processing performance of the AnMBR.

    • Study on the Effect of Electric Field on the Secondary Structure and Activity of Lipase

      2015, 34(12):1256-1261. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.004

      Abstract (798) HTML (0) PDF 987.55 K (1346) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The changes in the secondary structures and activity of lipase after 5 min treatment using electric field with different strength were studied by FTIR(Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy). The effect of electric field on the relative contents of the lipase secondary structures,i.e. α-helix,β-sheet,β-turn and random coil,varied within the range of 1.0 kV/cm to 6.0 kV/cm. Compared with the control groups,the relative contents of α-helix and β-sheet both decreased,namely,4.9%~10.9% for α-helix and 3.2%~22.6% for β-sheet respectively. The relative contents of β-turn and random coil increased instead,namely,12.5%~37.7% for β-turn and 3.1%~24% for random coil respectively. The most significant change of the relative contents for different secondary structure was observed at the 3.0 kV/cm electric field,which suggested the lipase activity was greatly improved after treatment by electric field. The improvement of the activity was related to the content increase of β-turn and random coil.

    • Effects of Frozen Pre-Treatment and Pulse-Spouted Microwave Vacuum Drying on the Quality of Dehydrated Burdock

      2015, 34(12):1262-1268. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.005

      Abstract (507) HTML (0) PDF 1.14 M (1230) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper investigated the effects of pulse frequency,microwave power and pre-treatment on the texture,shrinkage percentage,re-hydration rate,sensory score and total color difference of burdock slices dried by pulse-spouted microwave vacuum drying(PSMVD) at the pressure range of 12~21.0 KPa. Results showed that with the pulse frequency 3.3 times/min,microwave power 19.8 w/g and frozen pretreatment at -18 ℃ for 12 h,burdock slices possessed good color,crispiness,rich flavor and long shelf life.

    • Study on the Changes of Volatile Flavor Componentsin Double-Fried Pork During the Processing and Frozen Sorage

      2015, 34(12):1269-1277. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.006

      Abstract (1198) HTML (0) PDF 1.24 M (1478) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Volatile flavor components from Double-fried pork was extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 91 volatile flavor compounds were identified,including 13 aldehydes (51.287%),15 alcohols (11.412%),7 sulphur-containing compounds (9.397%),12 esters (7.736%),6 ketones (6.983%),18 heterocyclic compounds (6.873%),11 hydrocarbons (2.264%),4 acid compounds (1.433%),and 5 others (1.566%). Esters and heterocyclic compounds significantly increased after frying and therefore had a great contribution to the special flavor of Double-fried pork. By the method of principal component analysis (PCA),the first one (PC1) mainly represented most of the information of flavor compounds among the three principal components,which was thus used as the characteristic flavor compounds. Double-fried pork of different frozen times could be clearly separated by PCA analysis, the one-month samples mainly associated with 1-penten-3-ol,3-methyl-1-butanol and octanal, the two and three-month samples mainly associated with nonanal,(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,and phenylethyl alcohol, whereas the five and six-month samples mainly associated with hexanal and ethanol.

    • Study on the Storage Humidity in Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Apple

      2015, 34(12):1278-1284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.007

      Abstract (464) HTML (0) PDF 1.49 M (1355) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:A three dimensional physical and mathematical model of flow,heat and mass transfer in atmosphere-controlled storage rooms inside the Apple Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage Technology Research Center No.1 was established in this paper using k-ε turbulence model. The effect of air cooler's supply air velocity,supply air temperature and humidifying device on the storage humidity was investigated. There was a significant impact of supply air temperature on the relative humidity (RH) of CA storage room,which notably increased with the decrease of supply air temperature. The humidity gradient decreased while the RH of cargo area increased if the supply air velocity increased. A higher humidity gradient was observed in the gas zone compared with that of the cargo area without any humidifying device. The RH of the gas zone was mostly around 85%~90% which was not suitable for Apple CA storage. It was suggested that the supply air temperature should be adjusted to 273 K and the supply air velocity was 5 m/s for apple CA storage. The humidifying device could improve the RH in storage room and reduced the weight loss.

    • Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure(HHP) Technology on Sterilization and Quality of the Tai Lake Whitebait with Flexible Package

      2015, 34(12):1285-1288. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.008

      Abstract (450) HTML (0) PDF 636.85 K (1198) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper studied the relationship between the microflora of Tai Lake whitebait with flexible package and the HHP parameters. The influence of HHP process on the moisture,soluble protein and free amino acid contents of whitebait was also investigated. Results showed that:the 600MPa HHP treatment could kill pathogenic bacteria in all species and decrease the total number of microflora to less than 100cfu/g; HHP process led to slight losses of the moisture,soluble protein and free amino acids of whitebait.

    • Effects of Longan Seed on Learning and Memory Ability in Dysmnesia Mice

      2015, 34(12):1289-1293. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.009

      Abstract (408) HTML (0) PDF 683.26 K (1351) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In the aquired dysmnesia and reproduction memory disorders models caused by scopolamine and alcohol respectively,maze test and step-through test were used to observe and compare the effects of longan seed and piracetam on learning and memory ability in dysmnesia mice. The results showed that the extract of longan seed can obviously improve the learning and memory ability. As compared with model group,extract of longan seed at the dose of 1.2 g?kg-1 and 2.4 g?kg-1 could prolong the latent period(P<0.05),reduce error hits(P<0.05) and shorten reaction time(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the longan seed and piracetam (P>0.05). In summary,the longan seed can obviously improve the learning and memory ability in dysmnesia mice ,and the mechanism of improvement can be studied in further research.

    • Comparison of the Major Nutritional Components of Milk from Zhongdian Yak, Diqing Yellow Cattle and Cattle-Yak

      2015, 34(12):1294-1301. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.010

      Abstract (502) HTML (0) PDF 1013.12 K (1517) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The major nutritional components in milk from Zhongdian yak(ZY),Diqing yellow cattle(DYC) and cattle-yak(CY) were analyzed by CombiFossTM FT+,a combination instrument consisting of the MilkoScanTM FT+ and the FossomaticTM FC for the determination of milk components. These nutritional components were compared with those from Holstein,Simmental and Yunling cattle bred under the same shed conditions. The results indicated that the contents of milk fat,protein,lactose and total solids were 6.24%,4.95%,4.97% and 20.11% for ZY,6.75%,4.52%,4.95% and 19.91% for DCY,and 7.80%,4.60% and 20.85% for CY. The differences of various milk nutrients for ZD,DYC and CY were not significant (P>0.05). The contents of fat,protein and total solids in ZY,DYC and CY were significantly higher than those from Holstein,Simmental and Yunling cattle (P<0.01). The lactose content for ZY,DYC and CY,which was comparative with that of Holstein and Simmental (P>0.05),was significantly higher than that of Yunling cattle (P<0.01),and the exact increment was 4.97%,4.98% and 4.95%,respectively. The positive correlations between the contents of protein and fat or total solids,as well as the contents between fat and total solids,were significant (P<0.01). The milk of ZY,DYC and CY bred under condition of grazing or grazing accompanied with appropriate supplementary feeding is of high nutritional value,which is a nutrient dairy resource of high quality with a promising prospect of developing into high value-added products with plateau characteristic.

    • In Vitro Anti-Flammatory Effects of Camellia Sinensis Bee Pollen Extract (BPE) on LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

      2015, 34(12):1302-1307. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.011

      Abstract (471) HTML (0) PDF 919.36 K (1482) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This study intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Camellia sinensis bee pollen extract (BPE). Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of BPE were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and AlCl3 colorimetry,respectively.Meanwhile, ABTS free-radical scavenging methods were used to evaluate its free-radical scavenging capacity. On the other hand,the anti-inflammatory effect of BPE was investigated in vitro by evaluating its modulating effects on the key inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of inflammatory-mediators and cytokine genes in LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The results showed that the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of BPE were 255.23±21.43 mg/g and 132.85±14.77 mg/g,respectively. BPE exhibited strong ABTS free-radical scavenging capacity and its IC50 value was 53.9±5.38 μg/mL. In vitro,BPE exhibited significantly to inhibit NO release and the mRNA expression of iNOS,IL-1β and IL-10,and to increase the mRNA expression of HO-1. The results indicated BPE was rich in phenolic compounds and had strong free-radical scavenging capacity,and showed a good anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.

    • Study on Numerical and Experimental of Fruits and Vegetables Washer

      2015, 34(12):1308-1314. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.012

      Abstract (805) HTML (0) PDF 3.81 M (1372) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:A U-shaped single vortex water washer for fruits and vegetables was designed and its effect on vortex water washing was investigated. Results showed that the three-dimensional distribution and the intensity of interaction between transverse and longitudinal jets were optimal when the ratio of transverse to longitudinal jet flow was 2 and the longitudinal jet hole was left,significantly forming vortex and promoting the migration of single vortex to outlets. The experimental results were consistent with those from the numerical simulation.

    • Effect of Glycine Betaine Treatment on Toona sinensis Roem Sprout Quality During Postharvest

      2015, 34(12):1315-1320. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.013

      Abstract (416) HTML (0) PDF 996.25 K (1266) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The effect of different concentration of glycine betaine (GB) treatment on the quality in Toona sinensis(A. Ju ss. Raen,Hongyou) during cold storage was investigated. The results indicated that GB treated groups kept the quality of Toona sinensis buds at a good level as compared to the control group. The concentration of 8 mmol/L and 16 mmol/L effectively retained the commercial value,reduced the weight loss and decay rate,and maintained the content of chlorophyll,Vc and total flavones. Moreover,GB treatment reduced the respiration rate and inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). These results suggested that GB treatment may maintain the good quality and extend the storage time of cold-stored Toona sinensis roem sprout and the optimum concentration for the Toona sinensis roem sprout preservation is 8 mmol/L.

    • Protective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Barley Seedling on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice

      2015, 34(12):1321-1326. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.014

      Abstract (1008) HTML (0) PDF 983.52 K (2181) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The present work aimed to investigate the influence of selenium-enriched barley seedling on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer by establishing a mice model of ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. The model mice were orally administered SEBS at different doses (0.1,0.5,1 g/mL). The ratio of ulcer area to total stomach area (ulcer area ratio,UAR) was quantified by different methods including image integration method,gravimetric method,score method and grading method. The results were analyzed using statistic analysis. The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice could be effectively prevented by SEBS (P<0.05) comparing the results of the model groups and the control groups. The protective effect was proportional to the concentration of SEBS. The results suggested that selenium-enriched barley seedling had significant ameliorative effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.

    • Effects of the Extraction of Essential Oil from Folium A. argyi on the Activity Components of the Related Water Extraction and the Comparison of Their Antibacterial Activity

      2015, 34(12):1327-1331. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.015

      Abstract (820) HTML (0) PDF 743.41 K (1407) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Folium Artemisiae argyi is rich in essential oil and various functional components,such as polysaccharides and flavones. The essential oil was extracted from Folium Artemisiae argyi using steam distillation. The extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal analysis. The essential oil components were analyzed by GC-MS. The changes of polysaccharides and flavones contents in the water extraction were also investigated. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil and water extraction was compared using colony-counting method. The results indicated that the antibacterial activity of the essential oil was quite strong,while the water extraction was just an ordinary bacteria inhibitor.

    • Study on Antimicrobial Activities and Stability of Essential Oil from Artemisia argyi

      2015, 34(12):1332-1337. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.016

      Abstract (475) HTML (0) PDF 926.47 K (1106) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The filter Paper disk disffusion and spread-plate assay were used to determine the antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil from Artemisia argyi. The effect of antimicrobial activity on stability of acid,base,heat and ultraviolet ray were studied. Results showed that the antimicrobial activitity of the essential oil from Artemisia argyi against three tested microbes were largely different. The essential oil showed strong antimicrobial effect against the Gram positive bacteria while weak effect against Gram negative bacteria. The MICs of the essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli were 2.5,5,10 ?滋L/mL,respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were stable under the ultraviolet ray,but were unstable under different temperatures and pH values. The acitivity was much better when the temperure below 40 ℃,and strong in acid and weak in base solution. Chitosan,CaCl2,NaCl can increase the antimicrobial activity,while Chitosan and CaCl2 showed higher effect as compared to NaCl.

    • Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Transglycosylation and Hydrolysis of Stevioside

      2015, 34(12):1338-1343. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.017

      Abstract (411) HTML (0) PDF 1.09 M (1319) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Microwave-assisted enzymatic transglycosylation and hydrolysis of stevioside (St) were investigated using α-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (α-CGTase) and β-galactosidase,respectively. Microwave irradiation could accelerate the transglycosylation of St using α-CGTase extracted from Paenibacillus macerans JFB05-01,and the catalytic efficiency was increased by 21.7 folds. However,little effect was observed when microwave irradiation was applied to the enzymatic hydrolysis of St using β-galactosidase. With 1 000 U/g of α-CGTase was loaded,the conversion of St could reach as high as 71.6% after 1 min and the yield of St-Glc 1 was 23.7% correspondingly.

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Volume 34, No. 12

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